Implements phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation and demodulation.

Notes¶

Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a linear phase modulation scheme that encodes information by modulating the phase of a carrier sinusoid. The modulation order \(M = 2^k\) is a power of 2 and indicates the number of phases used. The input bit stream is taken \(k\) bits at a time to create decimal symbols \(s[k] \in \{0, \dots, M-1\}\). These decimal symbols \(s[k]\) are then mapped to complex symbols \(a[k] \in \mathbb{C}\) by the equation

Examples¶

Create a QPSK modem whose constellation has a 45° phase offset.

In [1]: qpsk = sdr.PSK(4, phase_offset=45, pulse_shape="srrc"); qpsk
Out[1]: sdr.PSK(4, phase_offset=45, symbol_labels='gray')

In [2]: plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4)); \
   ...: sdr.plot.symbol_map(qpsk);
   ...: 

Generate a random bit stream, convert to 2-bit symbols, and map to complex symbols.

In [3]: bits = np.random.randint(0, 2, 1000); bits[0:8]
Out[3]: array([0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1])

In [4]: symbols = sdr.pack(bits, qpsk.bps); symbols[0:4]
Out[4]: array([1, 2, 3, 3], dtype=uint8)

In [5]: complex_symbols = qpsk.map_symbols(symbols); complex_symbols[0:4]
Out[5]: 
array([-0.70710678+0.70710678j,  0.70710678-0.70710678j,
       -0.70710678-0.70710678j, -0.70710678-0.70710678j])

In [6]: plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4)); \
   ...: sdr.plot.constellation(complex_symbols, linestyle="-");
   ...: 

Modulate and pulse shape the symbols to a complex baseband signal.

In [7]: tx_samples = qpsk.modulate(symbols)

In [8]: plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4)); \
   ...: sdr.plot.time_domain(tx_samples[0:50*qpsk.sps], sample_rate=qpsk.sps);
   ...: 

In [9]: plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4)); \
   ...: sdr.plot.eye(tx_samples[5*qpsk.sps : -5*qpsk.sps], qpsk.sps);
   ...: 

Add AWGN noise such that \(E_b/N_0 = 20\) dB.

In [10]: ebn0 = 20; \
   ....: snr = sdr.ebn0_to_snr(ebn0, bps=qpsk.bps, sps=qpsk.sps); \
   ....: rx_samples = sdr.awgn(tx_samples, snr=snr)
   ....: 

In [11]: plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4)); \
   ....: sdr.plot.time_domain(rx_samples[0:50*qpsk.sps], sample_rate=qpsk.sps);
   ....: 

Matched filter and demodulate.

In [12]: rx_symbols, rx_complex_symbols = qpsk.demodulate(rx_samples)

# The symbol decisions are error-free
In [13]: np.array_equal(symbols, rx_symbols)
Out[13]: True

In [14]: plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4)); \
   ....: sdr.plot.constellation(rx_complex_symbols);
   ....: 

See the Phase-shift keying example.

Constructors¶

PSK(order: int, phase_offset: float = 0.0, ...)

Creates a new PSK object.

String representation¶

__repr__() → str

Returns a code-styled string representation of the object.

__str__() → str

Returns a human-readable string representation of the object.

Methods¶

ber(ebn0: ArrayLike, diff_encoded: bool = False) → NDArray[float_]

Computes the bit error rate (BER) at the provided \(E_b/N_0\) values.

ser(esn0: ArrayLike, diff_encoded: bool = False) → NDArray[float_]

Computes the symbol error rate (SER) at the provided \(E_s/N_0\) values.

map_symbols(s: ArrayLike) → NDArray[complex_]

Converts the decimal symbols \(s[k]\) to complex symbols \(a[k]\).

decide_symbols(a_hat: ArrayLike) → NDArray[int_]

Converts the received complex symbols \(\hat{a}[k]\) into decimal symbol decisions \(\hat{s}[k]\) using maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE).

modulate(s: ArrayLike) → NDArray[complex_]

Modulates the decimal symbols \(s[k]\) into pulse-shaped complex samples \(x[n]\).

demodulate(x_hat) → tuple[NDArray[int_], NDArray[complex_]]

Demodulates the pulse-shaped complex samples \(\hat{x}[n]\) into decimal symbol decisions \(\hat{s}[k]\) using matched filtering and maximum-likelihood estimation.

Properties¶

property phase_offset : float

The phase offset \(\phi\) in degrees.

property symbol_map : NDArray[np.complex_]

The symbol map \(\{0, \dots, M-1\} \mapsto \mathbb{C}\). This maps decimal symbols from \(0\) to \(M-1\) to complex symbols.

property order : int

The modulation order \(M = 2^k\).

property bps : int

The number of bits per symbol \(k = \log_2 M\).

property sps : int

The number of samples per symbol \(f_s / f_{sym}\).

property pulse_shape : NDArray[np.float_]

The pulse shape \(h[n]\) of the modulated signal.

property tx_filter : Interpolator

The transmit interpolating pulse shaping filter. The filter coefficients are the pulse shape \(h[n]\).

property rx_filter : Decimator

The receive decimating matched filter. The filter coefficients are matched to the pulse shape \(h[-n]^*\).