sdr.to_complex_baseband(x_r: ArrayLike) → NDArray[complex128]

Converts a real passband signal to a complex baseband signal.

The real passband signal \(x_r[n]\) is centered at \(f_{s,r}/4\) with sample rate \(f_{s,r}\). The complex baseband signal \(x_c[n]\) is centered at \(0\) with sample rate \(f_{s,c} = f_{s,r}/2\).

Parameters:
x_r: ArrayLike

The real passband signal \(x_r[n]\) centered at \(f_{s,r}/4\) with sample rate \(f_{s,r}\). If the length is odd, one zero is appended to the end.

Returns:

The complex baseband signal \(x_c[n]\) centered at \(0\) with sample rate \(f_{s,c} = f_{s,r}/2\).

Examples

Create a real passband signal with frequency components at 100, 250, and 300 Hz, at a sample rate of 1 ksps. Notice the spectrum is complex-conjugate symmetric.

In [1]: sample_rate = 1e3; \
   ...: x_r = ( \
   ...:     0.1 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * 100 / sample_rate * np.arange(1000)) \
   ...:     + 1.0 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * 250 / sample_rate * np.arange(1000)) \
   ...:     + 0.5 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * 300 / sample_rate * np.arange(1000)) \
   ...: ); \
   ...: x_r = sdr.awgn(x_r, snr=30)
   ...: 

In [2]: plt.figure(); \
   ...: sdr.plot.time_domain(x_r[0:100], sample_rate=sample_rate); \
   ...: plt.title("Time-domain signal $x_r[n]$");
   ...: 

In [3]: plt.figure(); \
   ...: sdr.plot.periodogram(x_r, fft=2048, sample_rate=sample_rate); \
   ...: plt.title("Periodogram of $x_r[n]$");
   ...:
../../_images/sdr_to_complex_baseband_1.png ../../_images/sdr_to_complex_baseband_2.png

Convert the real passband signal to a complex baseband signal with sample rate 500 sps and center of 0 Hz. Notice the spectrum is no longer complex-conjugate symmetric. The real sinusoids are now complex exponentials at -150, 0, and 50 Hz.

In [4]: x_c = sdr.to_complex_baseband(x_r); \
   ...: sample_rate /= 2
   ...: 

In [5]: plt.figure(); \
   ...: sdr.plot.time_domain(x_c[0:50], sample_rate=sample_rate); \
   ...: plt.title("Time-domain signal $x_c[n]$");
   ...: 

In [6]: plt.figure(); \
   ...: sdr.plot.periodogram(x_c, fft=2048, sample_rate=sample_rate); \
   ...: plt.title("Periodogram of $x_c[n]$");
   ...:
../../_images/sdr_to_complex_baseband_3.png ../../_images/sdr_to_complex_baseband_4.png